International Journal of Technology and Applied Science

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Performance-Based Fire Engineering: A Systematic Review of Methodologies, Applications, and Fire Alarm System Integration in Contemporary Building Design

Author(s) Ms. Shivangi Verma
Country India
Abstract Over the past 30 years, performance-based fire engineering (PBFE) has developed into a theoretically sound and practically viable option that allows for the design of fire safety systems that prove to achieve pre-defined fire safety performance requirements, not just meet dimensional requirements of building codes. Over the last 30 years, performance-based fire engineering (PBFE) has evolved as a theoretically sound and practically flexible approach that allows for the design of a fire safety system, such as a fire alarm and detection system, that can demonstrate a defined life safety performance objective, not just meet dimensional requirements. Although widely used in large building projects, PBFE is not always used, some practitioners do not fully understand its application, and there is not yet enough fire alarm literature or knowledge of emergency communications to fully incorporate it. This article is a systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed and normative documents reviewed that discuss the methodologies, tools, applications and limitations of PBFE, with an emphasis on the contribution of fire alarm systems as performance components in the Available Safe Egress Time / Required Safe Egress Time (ASET/RSET) analytical framework. The review revealed a clear PBFE advantage in detection response time (89% PBFE vs 65% prescriptive), evacuation efficiency (87% PBFE vs 71% prescriptive), and design flexibility (91% PBFE vs 58% prescriptive) and that cost optimization (76% vs 82%) and regulatory acceptance (84% vs 88%) were areas where prescriptive offer an advantage. Practical tools (a comparative methodology matrix and a fire alarm performance criteria table) are created. Uncertainties in the quantification of barriers to greater PBFE adoption, the capacity to perform peer reviews and stakeholder acceptance of PBFE are explored and a research agenda is proposed in a structured way to move the field forward.
Keywords Performance‑Based Fire Engineering, Fire Scenario Analysis, ASET/RSET Modelling, Fire Alarm System Integration, Detector Response Time, Evacuation Modelling, Occupant Behaviour in Fire, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), CFAST Zone Modelling, Speech Intelligibility (STI‑PA), Mass Notification Systems, PBFE Adoption Barriers
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 17, Issue 6, June 2026
Published On 2026-06-30
DOI https://doi.org/10.71097/IJTAS.v17.i6.1343
Short DOI https://doi.org/hb9bqm
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