International Journal of Technology and Applied Science

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Call for Paper Volume 17 Issue 6 (June 2026) Submit your research before the last 3 days of this month to publish your research paper in the current issue.
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Volume 17 Issue 6
June 2026

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Thermoelectric Response of Binary Liquid Alloys under Segregation Conditions: A First-Principles Approach

Author(s) Anuj Anand
Country India
Abstract Binary liquid alloys exhibit complex thermoelectric behavior arising from compositional disorder, atomic-scale fluctuations, interatomic interactions, and segregation phenomena. This study develops a comprehensive first-principles theoretical framework to investigate the thermoelectric response—particularly the Seebeck coefficient—under segregation conditions. By integrating Boltzmann transport theory with thermodynamic modeling of phase separation, analytical expressions are derived that relate thermopower to the electronic density of states and temperature-dependent chemical potential gradients. The effects of segregation are incorporated through Gibbs free energy minimization and composition-dependent scattering mechanisms, capturing the influence of interaction parameters on transport behavior.
Numerical simulations for representative alloy systems, namely Cu–Bi and Pb–Sn, reveal strong nonlinearity in composition dependence, significant temperature sensitivity, and composition-driven sign reversal of the Seebeck coefficient. The results demonstrate that segregation-induced modifications in electronic structure and carrier scattering play a crucial role in determining thermoelectric performance. These findings provide important insights for the design and optimization of liquid-based thermoelectric materials, with potential applications in liquid metal batteries, high-temperature energy conversion systems, and metallurgical processes.
Keywords Binary liquid alloys, Seebeck coefficient, segregation, thermoelectric power, first-principles theory, Boltzmann transport, phase separation, Cu–Bi alloy, Pb–Sn alloy.
Field Physics
Published In Volume 17, Issue 6, June 2026
Published On 2026-06-21
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