International Journal of Technology and Applied Science

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Call for Paper Volume 17 Issue 6 (June 2026) Submit your research before the last 3 days of this month to publish your research paper in the current issue.

Yogyakarta Principles and their Influence on Indian Transgender Jurisprudence: A Constitutional Analysis of Gender Identity, Human Rights and Transformative Constitutionalism

Author(s) Dr. Subholaxmi Mukherjee
Country India
Abstract The recognition of transgender rights has emerged as a significant constitutional and human rights issue in contemporary legal discourse. International human rights principles have increasingly influenced domestic constitutional interpretation concerning gender identity, equality, dignity, privacy, and non-discrimination. Among such international instruments, the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, adopted in 2006, have played a transformative role in shaping global LGBTQ+ rights jurisprudence.
In India, transgender rights jurisprudence has evolved substantially through progressive judicial interpretation, particularly after the landmark judgment in National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India. Indian courts have increasingly relied upon international human rights norms, constitutional morality, and transformative constitutionalism to recognize the rights of transgender persons. The Yogyakarta Principles have significantly influenced judicial reasoning concerning self-identification, dignity, equality, privacy, autonomy, and freedom from discrimination.
This study critically examines the influence of the Yogyakarta Principles on Indian transgender jurisprudence. It analyses the constitutional framework governing transgender rights under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21 of the Constitution of India, along with judicial developments and statutory protections under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. The research further evaluates how Indian courts have incorporated international human rights standards within constitutional interpretation.
Using doctrinal and analytical research methodology, the study identifies the growing role of international human rights principles in expanding constitutional protection for transgender communities. The paper concludes that the Yogyakarta Principles have substantially contributed to the development of Indian transgender jurisprudence by strengthening the constitutional vision of dignity, equality, autonomy, and substantive justice.
Keywords Yogyakarta Principles, Transgender Rights, Constitutional Law, Human Rights, Gender Identity, Equality, Transformative Constitutionalism, LGBTQ+ Rights, Indian Judiciary, International Human Rights Law.
Published In Volume 17, Issue 6, June 2026
Published On 2026-06-05

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