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Between Norms and Realities: A Sociological Imagination Approach to the Indian Constitution

Author(s) Dr. Sovana Mukherjee
Country India
Abstract This chapter examines the Indian Constitution through a sociological lens, focusing on the tension between normative ideals and lived realities. Drawing on the concept of sociological imagination developed by C. Wright Mills, the study explores how constitutional principles such as equality, liberty, and dignity operate not merely as abstract legal norms but as forces shaping everyday experiences. It argues that many individual experiences of inequality, exclusion, and marginalisation are often perceived as personal troubles, whereas they are in fact rooted in broader social structures, historical processes, and institutional arrangements. By situating the Constitution within its historical context—marked by colonial legacies and entrenched social hierarchies—the chapter highlights its transformative potential as a tool for social justice. Through an analysis of constitutional provisions and select landmark judicial decisions, the study demonstrates how personal grievances are translated into public issues, thereby reinforcing systemic protections and reshaping social norms. At the same time, it critically reflects on the gap between constitutional promises and their implementation in everyday life. The chapter ultimately argues that viewing the Constitution through the lens of sociological imagination enables a deeper understanding of its role as a living framework that mediates between law and society. It not only safeguards rights but also fosters critical awareness and participatory citizenship, thereby contributing to the ongoing project of democratic transformation in India.
Keywords Sociological Imagination, Indian Constitution, Law, Society, Social Justice, Equality, Rights
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 17, Issue 4, April 2026
Published On 2026-04-22
Cite This Between Norms and Realities: A Sociological Imagination Approach to the Indian Constitution - Dr. Sovana Mukherjee - IJTAS Volume 17, Issue 4, April 2026.
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